Hepatitis A Vaccine Schedule For Adults

Persons New To Canada

Health care providers who see persons newly arrived in Canada should review the immunization status and update immunization for these individuals, as necessary. In many countries outside of Canada, HB vaccine is in limited use.

All persons from a country that is endemic for HB should be assessed and vaccinated against HB if not immune and not infected. Individuals born in developing countries are more likely to be carriers of HB, necessitating vaccination of their sexual and household contacts based on review of their serologic test results. HB vaccine is recommended for all household contacts whose families have immigrated to Canada from areas in which there is a high prevalence of HB and who may be exposed to HB carriers through their extended families or when visiting their country of origin.

Children adopted from countries in which there is a high prevalence of HB infection should be screened for HBsAg and, if positive, household or close contacts in the adopting family should be immunized before adoption or as soon as possible thereafter. Adults going to pick-up children from these countries should be vaccinated before departure. Refer to Immunization of Persons New to Canada in Part 3 for additional information.

What To Do If You Miss A Scheduled Dose

The recommended schedule for the HBV vaccine follows a three-dose pattern, with all doses complete within 6 months. The good news is that if you miss a dose, you dont need to start the series of shots all over.

If you missed getting the second dose 1 month after the first, make an appointment as soon as possible. If you miss the third dose, you should also try to get it as quickly as possible. Keep in mind that the second and third doses

Indications Of Hepatitis B Vaccine In Indian Adults

Adults at high risk, e.g., patients with percutaneous or mucosal exposure to blood and patients with sexual exposure should be vaccinated if not immunized in childhood. Percutaneous or mucosal exposure can occur in intravenous drug users household contacts of persons with chronic hepatitis B virus infection inmates and staff of institutions for developmentally disabled persons in long-term care facilities persons at risk for occupational exposure to HBV patients who are human immunodeficiency virus -seropositive, patients with chronic liver disease , chronic kidney disease and diseases where blood products or multiple blood transfusions are required such as hemophilia, aplastic anemia, leukemia, hemoglobinopathies, and patients awaiting major surgeries. Sexual exposure is a risk factor for HBV infection in patients presenting to sexually transmitted disease clinics, homosexuals promiscuous heterosexuals commercial sex workers and sex partners of hepatitis B surface antigen -positive persons.

Prevaccination screening in general population has not been found to be cost-effective in India.

If the vaccination schedule is interrupted after the first dose, the second dose should be administered as soon as possible and the second and third doses should be separated by an interval of at least 8 weeks. If only the third dose has been delayed, it should be administered as soon as possible.

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Persons With Inadequate Immunization Records

Evidence of long term protection against HB has only been demonstrated in individuals who have been vaccinated according to a recommended immunization schedule. Independent of their anti-HBs titres, children and adults lacking adequate documentation of immunization should be considered susceptible and started on an immunization schedule appropriate for their age and risk factors. Refer to Immunization of Persons with Inadequate Immunization Records in Part 3 for additional information.

Recommended Adult Dosing Volume Of Monovalent Hepatitis B Vaccine

• Age 19 years and younger: Use 0.5 mL per dose .
• Age 20 years and older: 1.0 mL per dose .

For a one-page sheet reviewing the hepatitis B dosing schedule for children and adults, consult IACs Hepatitis A and B Vaccines: Be Sure Your Patients Get the Correct Dose. For complete dosing information, consult the ACIP hepatitis B vaccine recommendations for adults.

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Who Should Have The Hepatitis A Vaccine

People usually advised to have the hepatitis A vaccine include:

• close contacts of someone with hepatitis A
• people planning to travel to or live in parts of the world where hepatitis A is widespread, particularly if sanitation and food hygiene are expected to be poor
• people with any type of long-term liver disease
• men who have sex with other men
• people who inject illegal drugs
• people who may be exposed to hepatitis A through their job this includes sewage workers, people who work for organisations where levels of personal hygiene may be poor, such as a homeless shelter, and people working with monkeys, apes and gorillas

Contact your GP surgery if you think you should have the hepatitis A vaccine or you’re not sure whether you need it.

People Whose Occupation Increases Their Risk Of Acquiring Hepatitis A

People who live or work in rural and remote Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities in the Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia or Western Australia are recommended to receive hepatitis A vaccine.

2 doses are required, with a recommended interval between doses of 6 months.

People who regularly provide care for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children in the Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia and Western Australia are recommended to receive hepatitis A vaccine.

2 doses are required, with a recommended interval between doses of 6 months.

Early childhood educators and carers are recommended to receive hepatitis A vaccine.

2 doses are required, with a recommended interval between doses of 6 months.

Carers of people with developmental disabilities are recommended to receive hepatitis A vaccine.

2 doses are required, with a recommended interval between doses of 6 months.

Plumbers and sewage workers are recommended to receive hepatitis A vaccine.

2 doses are required, with a recommended interval between doses of 6 months.

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Select Safety Information For Vaqta

Do not administer VAQTA® to individuals with a history of immediate and/or severe allergic or hypersensitivity reactions after a previous dose of any hepatitis A vaccine, or to individuals who have had an anaphylactic reaction to any component of VAQTA, including neomycin.

The vial stopper and the syringe plunger stopper and tip cap contain dry natural latex rubber that may cause allergic reactions in latex-sensitive individuals.

The most common local adverse reactions and systemic adverse events reported in different clinical trials across different age groups when VAQTA was administered alone or concomitantly were:

• Adults 19 years of age and older: injection-site pain, tenderness, or soreness , injection site warmth , and headache .

Hepatitis A virus has a relatively long incubation period . VAQTA may not prevent hepatitis A infection in individuals who have an unrecognized hepatitis A infection at the time of vaccination.

Immunocompromised persons, including individuals receiving immunosuppressive therapy, may have a diminished immune response to VAQTA and may not be protected against HAV infection after vaccination.

Vaccination with VAQTA may not result in a protective response in all susceptible vaccinees.

VAQTA may be administered concomitantly with Immune Globulin, human, using separate sites and syringes.

The total duration of the protective effect of VAQTA in healthy vaccinees is unknown at present.

What Are The Differences Between Hepatitis A B And C

Hepatitis A, B and C are liver infections caused by three separate viruses. Each can cause similar symptoms, but they have different modes of transmission and can affect the liver differently. Hepatitis A is normally a shorter-term infection, and does not become chronic or life-long. Hepatitis B and C can potentially begin as short-term, acute infections. But in some, the virus stays in their body, resulting in chronic disease and long-term liver issues.

There is a vaccine to prevent Hepatitis A and B. But there is currently no vaccine for Hepatitis C.

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Hepatitis B Vaccine Schedule: Standard Accelerated And Combination

Getting poked with a needle is never fun, but its an extremely important part of protecting yourself and others from infectious diseases! The hepatitis B vaccine is known to be one of the most effective vaccines in the world and very safe too! As a blood-borne disease that typically has no symptoms, hepatitis B can easily be spread by accident simply because people are unaware that they have it! Modes of transmission include mother-to-child during birth, unprotected sex, injection drug use, unsafe medical procedures, and the sharing of personal items that may contain blood remnants, such as body jewelry, razors, and toothbrushes. Although certain precautions can be taken to prevent transmission, the only way to completely protect yourself is to get vaccinated. Once you have been vaccinated, you are protected for life!

There are a few options for receiving the hepatitis B vaccination. In most countries, the vaccine is available through a doctors office or a health clinic. The most common option is the standard three-dose vaccine. This consists of three separate doses of the vaccine given through intramuscular injections. In order for the vaccine to be effective, there must be a minimum amount of time between doses. If the minimum amount of time is not followed, the vaccine will not provide full, long term protection from the infection.

3 Dose Schedule:

2-Dose Schedule :

• 1st shot At any given time
• 2nd shot At least 28 days after the first shot.

Why Vaccination Is Important For Adults

Vaccination isn’t just for children. Vaccines are safe and protect you and those around you from vaccine-preventable diseases.

As we get older, the protection we had from previous vaccination can decrease for some diseases. Getting another dose can increase our immunity to provide the best protection. Some adults may have missed one or more of their vaccines. They may need to catch up and get these vaccines now.

There are also diseases that are more common in adults, even healthy adults. This is why additional vaccines are needed as we get older.

• babies
• people with certain medical conditions, such as those who have weakened immunity

This is known as community immunity or herd immunity.

Check if your vaccines are up to date. Talk to your health care provider to see what you need to be fully protected.

Learn more about:

• Vaccination coverage in Canada

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General Information About Vaccination Outside The Us

In developing countries, the pentavalent vaccine, a combination 5-in-one vaccine that protects against five diseases, diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, Hib and hepatitis B, may be given to babies more than 6 weeks of age, and can be given up to 1 year of age. The first dose is given at 6 weeks, and the second and third doses are given at 10 and 14 weeks of age. The pentavalent vaccine may be made available free of charge with the support of GAVI, the vaccine alliance. Check the GAVI country hub to see the resources and immunizations that may be available:

For babies born to mothers with hepatitis B, waiting for the first dose of the pentavalent vaccine is too late and will NOT protect the baby from vertical or horizontal transmission of hepatitis B. Babies born to a mother with hepatitis B have a greater than 90% chance of developing chronic hepatitis B if they are not properly treated at birth.

WHO recommends the hepatitis B vaccine within 24 hours of birth for ALL babies. Plan ahead and inquire about the availability and cost of the monovalent , birth dose of the vaccine, as it is not a GAVI provided immunization. This is particularly important to women who are positive for hepatitis B.

If you are unsure of your hepatitis B status, please be sure your doctor tests you for hepatitis B!

*WHO does not recommend a birth dose of HBIG, which may not be available in all countries. Talk to your doctor if you have questions.

Who Should Receive Hepatitis B Vaccination

• All newborns before hospital discharge. Infants born to hepatitis B-positive women need hepatitis B vaccine and HBIG within 12 hours of birth.
• All children and adolescents not previously vaccinated.
• Children born in the U.S. to individuals born in a country with high hepatitis B endemicity.
• All individuals at risk of hepatitis B infection:
• Sex partners of hepatitis B-positive persons
• Sexually active persons who are not in a long-term, mutually monogamous relationship
• Persons seeking evaluation or treatment for a sexually-transmitted disease
• Men who have sex with men
• Persons who inject drugs
• Household contacts of hepatitis B-positive persons
• Persons born in countries where hepatitis B infection is endemic should be tested and vaccinated if susceptible
• International travelers to regions with high or intermediate rates of endemic hepatitis B infection
• Health care and public safety workers that may be exposed to blood or blood-contaminated body fluids
• Residents and staff of facilities for developmentally disabled persons, corrections facilities, and other facilities that serve adults at risk for hepatitis B infection
• Persons with end-stage renal disease, including pre-dialysis, hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, and home dialysis patients
• Persons with chronic liver disease
• Persons to age 60 years with diabetes
• Persons with HIV infection

• All other persons seeking protection from hepatitis B infection.

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When Do Adults Need Vaccines

Getting immunized is a lifelong, life-protecting job. Dont leave your healthcare providers officewithout making sure youve had all the vaccinations you need.

Haemophilus influenzae

> > learn more:

> > learn more:

Why Do You Need A Hepatitis B Shot

Hepatitis B is a viral infection that cant be transferred person-to-person unless you have contact with an infected persons bodily fluids. Annual infection rates of HBV are going down in the United States thanks to vaccines. So you might be wondering if you or your child needs a shot to protect against hepatitis B.

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People With Chronic Hepatitis B

The vaccine does not affect people with chronic hepatitis B virus infection there are no therapeutic benefits or associated adverse events. The vaccine is also safe in people who are already immune to hepatitis B through past natural infection, but it offers no additional benefit.

Hepatitis B is an infection caused by hepatitis B virus. It affects the liver.

Prevalence Of Chronic Hepatitis B

The prevalence of chronic hepatitis B virus infection varies between and within countries:58-61

• < 0.5% among Caucasians in the United States, northern Europe and Australia
• 15% in Mediterranean countries, parts of eastern Europe, Africa, and Central and South America
• > 10% in many sub-Saharan African, East and Southeast Asian, and Pacific island populations

Regions where 2% of the population is positive to hepatitis B surface antigen are considered to have moderate to high prevalence. In these regions, people mainly acquire the infection perinatally or in early childhood.55

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Common And Local Adverse Events

HB vaccine

HB vaccine is well tolerated. Reactions are generally mild and transient, and include: irritability, headache, fatigue and injection site reactions in 10% or more of recipients.

HAHB vaccine

There is no increase in adverse events when HAHB vaccine is compared with HA vaccine given alone or concomitantly with HB vaccine at a different injection site. When the adult formulation of HAHB vaccine is given to children in the 2 dose schedule, there is no increase in adverse events compared with those occurring after administration of the pediatric formulation of HAHB vaccine.

DTaP-HB-IPV-Hib vaccine

Reactions are usually mild and transient, and include fever, irritability, restlessness and injection site reactions .

HBIg

Headache, diarrhea, fever, urticaria, angioedema and injection site reactions may occur.

Icipants Were Randomly Divided Into Two Groups

There are eight types of vitamin b, including: Currently, there are an estimated 6 million people living with hepatitis in the united states, and more than 50,000 people are diagnosed with this disease every year. If negative, they are recommended to receive 2 more doses of hepatitis b vaccine 1 month apart. I tested positive for chronic hbv infection about . The vaccine is given at 0, 1 and 6 months. They offer a range of health benefits, and if you’re not getting enough of these vitamins in your diet, the effects can rang. Only certain people should receive a booster dose in .

Primary vaccination against hepatitis b virus at birth may not provide adequate lifelong antibody levels, but a booster vaccine at age . Only certain people should receive a booster dose in . For hepatitis b vaccination of persons at. Booster doses are not recommended for people with normal immune status who have been vaccinated . Participants were randomly divided into two groups . I tested positive for chronic hbv infection about . They offer a range of health benefits, and if you’re not getting enough of these vitamins in your diet, the effects can rang.

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