Hbsag And Hbv Detection
Serum samples from the reference panel were tested for HBsAg markers using two commercial EIAs following the manufacturers instructions. Only samples with concordant results defined by both assays were included in the study. Serum samples from the field study were assayed for HBsAg detection using a commercial EIA . All HBsAg-reactive samples in the EIA were retested in duplicate. All serum samples were assayed for total antibodies directed against the total core antigen as well as anti-HBs using EIAs . Serum samples were also assayed for anti-HBc IgM, HBV e antigen and antibodies against HBeAg using commercial EIAs and ECLIAs when sufficient sample volume was available.
Hbsag Rapid Test Performance Using Reference Panels
The reference panel was composed of 393 individuals, 103 of which were HBsAg reactive , whereas 290 samples did not show HBsAg according to EIAs. The mean age of the patients was 40.32 years , and most were female . HBsAg was detected in 101, 98 and 96 of the samples, with sensitivities of 98.06, 95.15 and 93.20 % by Vikia® HBsAg, Imuno-Rápido HBsAg® and HBsAg Teste Rápido®, respectively .
Table 1 Accuracy metrics of three rapid tests compared to results of HBsAg One® and ETI-MAK-4®, enzyme immunoassays
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Chronic Hepatitis B Complications
Chronic hepatitis B can lead to
- cirrhosis, a condition in which scar tissue replaces healthy liver tissue and prevents your liver from working normally. Scar tissue also partly blocks the flow of blood through the liver. As cirrhosis gets worse, the liver begins to fail.
- liver failure, in which your liver is badly damaged and stops working. Liver failure is also called end-stage liver disease. People with liver failure may require a liver transplant.
- liver cancer. Your doctor may suggest blood tests and an ultrasound or another type of imaging test to check for liver cancer. Finding cancer at an early stage improves the chance of curing the cancer.
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How Do Doctors Treat Hepatitis B
Doctors typically dont treat hepatitis B unless it becomes chronic. Doctors may treat chronic hepatitis B with antiviral medicines that attack the virus.
Not everyone with chronic hepatitis B needs treatment. If blood tests show that hepatitis B could be damaging a persons liver, a doctor may prescribe antiviral medicines to lower the chances of liver damage and complications.
Medicines that you take by mouth include
A medicine that doctors can give as a shot is peginterferon alfa-2a .
The length of treatment varies. Hepatitis B medicines may cause side effects. Talk with your doctor about the side effects of treatment. Tell your doctor before taking any other prescription or over-the-counter medicines.
For safety reasons, you also should talk with your doctor before using dietary supplements, such as vitamins, or any complementary or alternative medicines or medical practices.
Reduce Your Chance Of Infection
You can reduce your chance of hepatitis B infection by
- not sharing drug needles or other drug materials
- wearing gloves if you have to touch another persons blood or open sores
- making sure your tattoo artist or body piercer uses sterile tools
- not sharing personal items, such as toothbrushes, razors, or nail clippers
- using a latex or polyurethane condom during sex
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Are There Blood Tests For Hepatitis B
Yes. Many chronically infected persons show no outward signs of hepatitis B infection. Therefore, screening for hepatitis B is important and necessary. Ask your doctor for the following blood tests:
HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGEN : Tells if you have chronic hepatitis B. Only the HBsAg blood test can tell if you have chronic hepatitis B.
HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIBODY : Tells if you are protected against hepatitis B.
| Test Result |
| Chronic HBV infection |
Pregnancy And Hepatitis B
Doctors must closely monitor pregnant people who have HBV.
There is a risk that the virus can pass from parent to child during delivery without the correct treatment. Therefore, all people should receive hepatitis B testing during pregnancy. A person with chronic hepatitis B should talk with a doctor about the risks and benefits of antiviral treatment while pregnant.
According to the Hepatitis B Foundation, if someone has HBV, their newborn must immediately receive the first dose of the hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B immune globulin within 12 hours of birth. The infant should then receive the second and third doses of the vaccine according to the standard childhood immunization schedule.
Pregnant people unsure of their vaccination status can receive the hepatitis B vaccine during pregnancy and breastfeeding or chestfeeding.
However, there is currently not enough safety information about Heplisav-B and PreHevbrio, so pregnant people
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Specification Of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Test
The LINEAR Hepatitis B Antigen Cassette Test detects HBSAG concentration greater than 2 ng/ml in human serum by the development of a colored line in the test region of the test device.
The LINEAR Hepatitis B Antigen Cassette Test uses an antibody that is highly specific for Hepatitis B Antigen in serum. A result of 99.5 % concordance to the ELISA test was determined by a clinical study of 1208 samples.
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Hepatitis B Rapid Test Kit
Hep B STI Home Self Test Kit.
Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by the Hepatitis B virus which affects the liver. It is a contagious STI spread by bodily fluids. It can cause both acute and chronic infections. Many people in Australia have no symptoms during infection. Some develop a rapid onset of sickness with Hep B Symptoms such as vomiting, yellow skin, feeling tired, dark urine and abdominal pain on the right-hand side. It may take 30 to 180 days for symptoms to begin. Cirrhosis and liver cancer may eventually develop in those infected. These complications can result in the death of 15 to 25% of those with chronic disease. About a third of the world population has been infected at one point in their lives, including 240 million to 350 million who have chronic infections. Globally over 750,000 people die of hepatitis B each year. There are approx. 230,000 Australians living with Hepatitis B.
Hep B infection can be easily detected by testing at home with an STI Hep B self-test kit.
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Investigational Determine Hbsag 2 Test
The Determine HBsAg 2 test is an in vitro, visually read, qualitative, immunochromatographic assay for the detection of HBsAg in human serum, plasma, fingerstick whole blood or venous whole blood.
The Determine HBsAg 2 test consists of single-use test strips and a chase buffer bottle, both stored at room temperature and requires no maintenance. The assay requires 50µL specimen for a test, and the test result can be interpreted at 15minutes and no later than at 30minutes. Details of the test can be found in the package insert.
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What Is This Test
This test looks for hepatitis B surface antigens in your blood. The test is used to find out whether you have a recent or long-standing infection from the hepatitis B virus .
HBV has proteins called antigens on its surface that cause your immune system to make antibodies. Hepatitis B surface antigens can be found in your blood within several weeks after the infection starts. They are one of the earliest signs of a hepatitis B infection.
HBV is 1 of 5 hepatitis viruses. The others are hepatitis A, C, D, and E. Most hepatitis infections are caused by these 5 viruses. HBV is spread through blood, seminal fluid, and vaginal secretions. It can take several months to develop symptoms of hepatitis B after you become infected. The virus causes an infection in the liver. In most cases, this virus clears up on its own within 6 months. But in a small portion of adults and a larger portion of children, the virus doesn’t go away. This is especially true for newborns. This is called having a chronic infection. It may lead to liver cell damage, scarring, cirrhosis, or liver cancer.
Hepatitis B surface antigens are an early sign of an acute infection, and they are also present during chronic, or long-term, infection.
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How Much Does A Hepatitis B Titer Test Cost
The cost of a hepatitis B test varies based on where you get the test. Prices range from roughly $24 to $110.
Your insurance may cover some or all of the cost. Under the Affordable Care Act, all new health plans must cover preventative services including hepatitis B vaccination and testing without a deductible or copay.
How Do We Test For Hepatitis B
The FDA-approved hepatitis B virus test looks for surface antigens to determine if you have hepatitis B. . Surface antigens are the first signs of acute infection, but they are also present in chronic infections.
Finding a hepatitis B infection early is extremely beneficial for avoiding liver health complications.
If the HBV test returns a positive result, a second confirmation test is performed at no extra charge to ensure that you receive the most accurate results possible. The accuracy of laboratory testing is measured in terms of sensitivity and specificity. Our HBV test has an 88% sensitivity rate and a 99-100% specificity rate.
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Data Extraction And Quality Assessment
Two authors independently extracted data and reached agreement on the following variables: study author and year study location and design specimens tested eligibility criteria index test and reference standard, including manufacturer raw cell numbers HIV co-infection sources of funding and reported conflict of interest.
Study quality was evaluated using the QUADAS-2 tool , which evaluates risk of bias and applicability concerns .
Lateral Flow Rapid Diagnostic Tests
Three HBV immunochromatographic RDT that have been prequalified by the World Health Organization include Determine HBsAg , VIKIA HBsAg and SD Bioline WB . These RDTs have met WHO ASSURED criteria and detect HBsAg and HBeAg in a single-use, disposable format . Evaluation of a rapid immunochromatographic test for simultaneous detection of HBsAg and HBeAg, in comparison with standard EIA, showed excellent accuracy, with sensitivity and specificity for HBsAg detection at 95 and 100%, respectively, although performance characteristics for HBeAg detection were decreased compared with the EIA method .
Several immunochromatographic lateral flow RDT have been tested and found suitable for HCV diagnosis. Mahajan et al. , compared three different RDT manufactured in India for detection of HCV antibody. They found moderate sensitivity and excellent specificity with HCV suspected cases within a Delhi liver clinic, with increased sensitivity among RNA positive patients . The InTec POC cassette has been evaluated in several HCV screening studies and displays good sensitivity and specificity for screening general and high-risk populations in Pakistan . Sensitivity of HCV RDT among HIV/HCV co-infected populations can be affected by HIV status. Hence, external validation of the RDT is needed prior to testing in such populations .
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Who Should Get Screened For Hepatitis B
The U.S. Centers for Disease Control calls for HBV screening of all foreign-born persons from regions where hepatitis B is common regardless of their vaccination history.
Additionally, all pregnant women should be screened for HBV at an early prenatal visit during each pregnancy, even if they have been previously tested or vaccinated.
Other groups recommended for HBV screening include:
- Anyone seeking protection from the HBV infection
- Healthcare and public safety workers
- Household, sex, or needle-sharing contacts of persons infected with HBV
- Intravenous drug users
- Those with more than one sex partner
- Men who have sex with men
- Those infected with HIV and/or other sexually transmitted diseases
- Those with end-stage renal disease or chronic liver disease
- Travelers to regions where hepatitis B is common
Ask Something For More Details
TheHBsAg Test is a rapid visual immunoassay for the qualitative, presumptive detection of HBsAg in human serum or plasma specimens. This kit is intended to be used as an aid in the diagnosis of HBV infection.
Hepatitis B virus is the prototypic member of the hepadnaviruses. Hepatitis B surface antigen is located in the lipid envelope of this small DNA virus. During the replicative phase of the virus, this surface antigen is produced in excess and is detectable in the blood of the infected. The incubation period of HBV is 6 weeks to 6 months.
Rapid test cassette with desiccant. Disposable pipettes.
Store at 2 ~ 30 º C in the sealed pouch for 24 months. Keep away from direct sunlight, moisture and heat. DO NOT FREEZE
Bring tests, specimens, and/or controls to room temperature before use.
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Rapid Point Of Care Diagnostic Testing
LMIC may benefit from reappraisal of the testing algorithm used in high income countries, such that entry into care and treatment is initiated based on a combination of rapid and confirmatory testing to provide the most efficient, cost-effective, and accurate diagnoses . Significantly, the cost-effectiveness and utility of rapid tests for effective screening is not necessarily realized in high resource countries, dependent on infection prevalence and the rate of successful prevention and management of chronic infection . Well-recognized testing platforms for rapid diagnostic testing that will be discussed in this review include lateral flow devices , rapid, cartridge-based molecular marker detection devices, and dried blood spot collection to facilitate screening, diagnosis, and monitoring.
Hepatitis B Blood Tests
The Hepatitis B Panel of Blood Tests
Only one sample of blood is needed for a hepatitis B blood test, but the Hepatitis B Panel includes three parts. All three test results are needed to fully understand whether a person is infected or not. Below is an explanation of the 3-part Hepatitis B Panel of blood test results.
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Eating Diet And Nutrition For Hepatitis B
If you have hepatitis B, you should eat a balanced, healthy diet. Obesity can increase the chance of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease , and NAFLD can increase liver damage in people who have hepatitis B. Talk with your doctor about healthy eating and maintaining a healthy weight.
You should also avoid alcohol because it can cause more liver damage.
How Do I Get Ready For This Test
You don’t need to prepare for this test. Be sure your healthcare provider knows about all medicines, herbs, vitamins, and supplements you are taking. This includes medicines that don’t need a prescription and any illegal drugs you may use.
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Screening Tests For Hepatitis B
Your blood may be screened for HBV for many different reasons. There are several types of test, but the three generally included are the HBsAg, the antibody to HBsAg , and the antibody to hepatitis B core antigen .
These tests allow the healthcare provider to know whether you could benefit from vaccination, or if you have active or chronic hepatitis B and need counseling, care, or treatment.
You may be routinely screened if you are pregnant, are donating blood or tissue, need immunosuppressive therapy, or have end-stage renal disease. You will also be screened if you are in groups that are at higher risk for HBV.
Understanding Your Test Results
Understanding your hepatitis B blood tests can be confusing. It is important to talk to your health care provider so you understand your test results and your hepatitis B status. Are you infected? Protected? Or at risk? The Hepatitis B Panel of blood tests includes 3 tests and all three results must be known in order to confirm your status.
Below is a chart with the most common explanation of the test results, but unusual test results can occur. Please note that this chart is not intended as medical advice, so be sure to talk to your health care provider for a full explanation and obtain a printed copy of your test results. In some cases, a person could be referred to a liver specialist for further evaluation.
More Detailed Information About Hepatitis B Blood Tests
An acute hepatitis B infection follows a relatively long incubation period – from 60 to 150 days with an average of 90 days. It can take up to six months, however, for a person to get rid of the hepatitis B virus. And it can take up to six months for a hepatitis B blood test to show whether as person has recovered from an acute infection or has become chronically infected .
The following graphic from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention represents the typical course of an acute hepatitis B infection from first exposure to recovery.
According to the CDC, a hepatitis B blood test result varies depending on whether the infection is a new acute infection or a chronic infection.
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